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What exactly is an "Exclusive Buyer's Agent"?

A: An agent who represents only buyers, never sellers, with no risk to their buyers of dual or designated agency on any home they want to buy.

B: An agent who represents their buyers as a designated agent if they want to buy a home that is an in-house listing.

C: An agent who gets paid regardless of whether the agent finds their buyers the home they want to buy or not.

The correct answer is "It depends on who you ask". Let's discuss each of the scenarios above:

A: An exclusive buyer's agent is an agent who represents only buyers, never sellers, with no risk to their buyers of dual or designated agency on any home they want to buy.

This is the definition you would find in "Don't Risk It! A Broker's Guide to Risk Management", published by the National Association of Realtors in 2000: "Exclusive Buyer Representation - Also called exclusive buyer agency, this the practice of representing only buyers, never sellers. The company never lists a seller's property and thus never has a seller as a client."

The definition above is also the definition used by the news media in articles written for the benefit of home buyers who are looking for consumer advice in preparation for the purchase of real estate. Internationally acclaimed finance specialist Suze Orman endorses the National Association of Exclusive Buyer's Agents in the "Finding a Buyer's Agent" section of her popular web site, http://www.suzeorman.com. Consumer advice columnists Ilyce Glink and Robert Bruss recommend exclusive buyer agency as an alternative to buyer agency to consumers who want to avoid the risk of dual agency - when one broker represents both parties. Ilyce Glink advises: "If you're trying to eliminate potential conflicts in your deal, you may want to try (exclusive buyer agency). Exclusive buyer's agents never represent sellers. They only represent buyers, and they typically will take buyers wherever they want to go in a metro area.". Robert Bruss differentiates between the different types of buyer agency services in his article Do Home Buyers Need Their Own Agent?: "Any real estate agent can be a buyer's agent to help locate your home purchase. In addition, there are a few exclusive buyers' agents who represent only home buyers, never accepting listings from home sellers."

And June Fletcher from the Wall St. Journal.com writes: "Exclusive buyers agents can focus on their customers and their needs in a way many sellers agents can't. They don't have to spend their time holding open houses, staging properties, or doing all the other marketing tasks that consume much of a listing agent's time. They can concentrate on previewing homes, investigating comparable houses, helping the buyer understand financing options, negotiating the deal and making sure all the inspections and escrow items are done in a timely manner.

What's more, home shoppers who use exclusive buyers agents don't run the risk of falling in love with one of their agent's own listings. When that happens, the agent becomes a dual agent -- beholden to both the seller and the buyer, and thus, beholden to no one. Because this limits the amount of advocacy and advice the professional can give either party (for instance, a dual agent can't tell the seller the highest price that a buyer is willing to pay), it's illegal in some states.": http://www.realestatejournal.com

B: An exclusive buyer's agent is an agent who represents their buyers as a designated agent if they want to buy a home that is an in-house listing.

The news media is doing a great job of advising consumers to ask for an exclusive buyer's agent in order to avoid the the conflict of interests that exists with dual and designated agency (which legally is "dual agency" in NC, since the same broker represents both parties.) But the problem is now that consumers have started asking for an exclusive buyer's agent, listing agents are representing themselves to consumers as "exclusive buyer's agents," and are advising consumers they can provide exclusive buyer agency representation - even on in-house listings! The reason for this is that the NC Real Estate Commission does not recognize the definition for exclusive buyer's agent published by NAR in 2000, and since then, picked up and popularized by the mainstream news media. As a result, many real estate agents who practice designated agency on in-house listings regularly advertise themselves to consumers as "exclusive buyer's agents."

C: An exclusive buyer's agent is an agent who gets paid regardless of whether the agent finds their buyers the home they want to buy or not.

The NC Real Estate Commission allows NC real estate agents to call themselves an exclusive buyer's agent if their buyer client signs an "Exclusive Buyer Agency Agreement." The NC Exclusive Buyer Agency Agreement is a contract which states that the buyer's agent gets paid no matter who finds the home, and restricts the buyer to the buyer agency services of the agent/firm with whom the buyer has the buyer agency agreement. The NC Real Estate Commission acknowledges this usage of the term is pervasive throughout the industry in NC, but does not consider it a deceptive practice because no legal definition for this term exists in NC. The following terms: "Buyer's Agent, Seller's Agent, Dual Agent, and Designated Agent" are all defined in the state mandated Consumer Disclosure Brochure called "Working With Real Estate Agents," but the definition for "Exclusive Buyer's/Seller's Agent" is a glaring omission from the agency options that are disclosed to consumers in this brochure.

In many states including NC, "Buyer Beware" remains the adage for consumers who want an exclusive buyer's agent to represent them in their next real estate purchase transaction. A refreshing exception is Ohio, where their state legal disclosure, "Consumer Guide to Agency Relationships," was developed jointly by the Ohio Association of Realtors and the Ohio Division of Real Estate and Professional Licensing. Under Ohio license law, each brokerage must disclose which of five agency policy options their company practices and offers to consumers, including an option for exclusive buyer agency: "Under this policy, your brokerage only represents buyers, and does not take listings, practice subagency or dual agency."

Real Estate industry expert and columnist Peter Miller sums up the argument best for including exclusive buyer agency as an additional agency option in the NC Consumer Disclosure Brochure: "Brokerages should always include listing brokers and buyer brokers, exclusive or not, so that individual professionals can pick the practice strategy they prefer while consumers can find the widest array of services. Exclusive buyer brokers changed the marketplace by popularizing the core concept of buyer brokerage. That's a transition which now helps millions of purchasers get a better deal in the marketplace - and that is a significant accomplishment."

Since no legal regulation for exclusive buyer agency exists in NC, before proceeding with a self-proclaimed "Exclusive Buyer's Agent," consumers are advised to question their real estate agent's interpretation of this loaded real estate term.