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Varying market conditions have led to many changes and adaptations in the surety market. This article updates all the bankers and lenders on the existing situation as well as trends within that gathering of financial organizations writing bonds for the sake of construction industry. In accordance with the contract documents surety bonds swear project owners that contractors will execute the work and also pay precise subcontractors, laborers, and materials suppliers. Three basic types of contract surety bonds are:

' The bid bond assures that the bid has been proposed in good faith and the contractor will get into the contract at the price bid and provides the requisite performance and payment bonds.

' If the contractor fails to carry out or failed to meet the terms and conditions of the contract, performance bond protects the owner from financial loss.

' The payment bond guarantees that the contractor will pay all of its subcontractors, laborers, and suppliers needed for the project.

The use of surety bonds on private construction projects is at the owner's judgment. Alternatives to bonding embrace letters of credit along with self-insurance, but these options neither offer 100% performance and payment protection, nor ensure a competent contractor. In case if a project should be bonded, the owner should specify the bonding requirements in the contract documents. Subcontractors may be required for acquiring surety bonds to help out the prime contractor manage risk, especially if the subcontractor is responsible for a momentous part of the job or provides a specialty that is very complicated to restore.

Sureties always need to be sure. Most of the surety companies are subsidiaries or divisions of insurance companies, but both surety bonds and traditional insurance policies will create risk-transfer mechanisms synchronized by state insurance departments. Performance as well as payment bonds typically are priced based on the value of the contract being bonded, but not on the size of the bond. If the contract amount is altered, the premium will also get adjusted according to the change in the contract price. Fortunately, survival continues to be a vital instinct for the contract surety industry. So the strong economy has kept contractors busy and so the failures become less automatically. However, the profitable bonding business attracted new entrants into surety, and surfeit capacity being accumulated in the surety market. And as competition for bonding got intensified, bond premiums declined.

Premiums
Rise in surety bond premium may have leveled off-or not, based upon the number of factors. As the market gets tightened, surety companies have also boosted their pricing structures accordingly for wrapping up all the increased losses and the increased cost of reinsurance, personnel, and other costs of doing business. Finally, after a brief period of readjustment, surety bond premiums are now becoming more realistic for the value provided.

Weigh the Risks
Both surety and banker industries have underwrite risk to contractors, and both have enjoyed the good-time profits of the cycle's expansion phase and also suffered many losses during its contraction phase. Bankers should pay all its attention to the surety industry only because of its capability and eagerness for replacing risk that has a complementary collision on financial institutions. The less construction risk the bonding company underwrites, the more risk the lender must consider, so both the surety and the banker need to assess as well as monitor their combined risk appetites for the construction industry.

Claims
At this point sureties are facing numerous frequencies of claims comparing to severity of losses in the recovery phase of the business cycle, even though there is a rise in the severity and frequency of claims that depends largely on regional conditions. The general consensus is that, by the end of year 2005, losses will have worked all their way throughout the system and bond exposures will be only on projects underwritten by today's more stringent standards, so loss ratios are predictable in improving than previous days.